Materials

EN1

Materials Used by Weight or Volume

Our business used the following raw materials in 2013:

Limestone is used to produce our animal feed products and for water treatment processing. Sulfur, a by-product of crude oil and natural gas de-sulfurization, is used to produce steam, electricity and sulfuric acid, which is used to produce phosphoric acid. We use by-product heat from sulfuric acid production to generate steam that we use in our operations and to generate electricity. Sulfur is also used in the production of our MicroEssentials^® product line. Various micronutrients, including boron, zinc, sulfur and cupric oxide, are key ingredients in our MicroEssentials product line. Ammonia is used in our finished products, DAP, MAP and MicroEssentials, and to neutralize the pH of the stack gases at our Esterhazy potash mine.

EN2

Percentage of Materials Used That Are Recycled Input Materials

Sulfur is the most significant recycled raw material in our manufacturing processes. The sulfur used is recovered from crude oil and natural gas processing and then recycled in our plant operations to produce sulfuric acid, which we use to make phosphoric acid, steam and electricity. In 2013, sulfur made up approximately 7.5% by weight of our total raw materials. We recycle the catalyst used in our sulfuric acid production and recover the vanadium for recycling. We also use recycled oil as a flotation aid in our phosphate beneficiation process.

Energy

EN3

Direct Energy Consumption by Primary Energy Source

Mosaic’s worldwide total direct energy consumption in 2013 was 87.69 million gigajoules (GJ).

Direct Energy Consumption – by Energy Source

Approximately 98% of Mosaic’s worldwide total direct energy consumption in 2013 was from two sources: waste heat from sulfuric acid production and natural gas. The remaining portion was made up of petroleum products and propane.

Our Phosphate operations require the production and consumption of sulfuric acid to liberate crop nutrients (phosphorous) from raw material inputs. The manufacture of sulfuric acid is an exothermic process, generating tremendous amounts of waste heat. Most of our finished phosphate crop nutrient manufacturing operations have installed bottoming cycle combined heat and power systems to convert this waste heat primarily into steam, used in the phosphate manufacturing facilities and mines.

In 2013, our Phosphate operations used a portion of this energy to produce 5.17 million GJ of electricity, 86% of which was used internally. We consider the waste heat from sulfuric acid production to be a direct primary energy source for our operations.

Natural gas is primarily used in our Phosphate and Potash operations to generate thermal energy for drying. However, a small portion of this fuel is used to produce steam for internal combined heat and power generation.

Direct Energy Consumption

Almost all of Mosaic’s worldwide total direct energy consumption is attributable to its phosphate and potash crop nutrient manufacturing operations. Specifically, approximately 79% is consumed in the production of phosphate crop nutrients while almost 21% is consumed in production of potash. The remaining portion – less than 1% – is consumed within Mosaic’s product distribution network and international production facilities.

EN4

Indirect Energy Consumption by Primary Energy Source

Mosaic consumes indirect energy solely through the purchase of electricity produced by third parties. Mosaic’s worldwide indirect energy consumption was 9.44 million GJ for 2013. The Phosphates business unit reduced the amount of purchased electricity in 2012, due primarily to resuming operation of a turbo generator used to convert waste heat into cogenerated electricity at our Uncle Sam facility. The Potash business unit increased production at some facilities, resulting in an overall increase in purchased electricity.

Indirect Energy Consumption – by Fuel Source

Approximately 11% of Mosaic’s worldwide indirect energy consumption is from renewable sources, including hydroelectric, bio-mass sources and wind power. Since 2009, almost 100% of the electricity used in our Brazilian operations has come from hydroelectric sources.

As mentioned in EN3, Mosaic’s Phosphate operations produce a significant amount of electrical power through steam turbine generation from waste heat generated in sulfuric acid production. Phosphate crop nutrient manufacture requires the production and consumption of sulfuric acid to liberate crop nutrients (phosphorous) from raw material inputs. The manufacture of sulfuric acid is an exothermic process, generating excess waste heat. In 2013, Mosaic’s Phosphate operations produced 5.17 million GJ of electricity through this process. Of this 5.17 million GJ, Mosaic consumed approximately 4.45 million GJ internally, offsetting the purchase of electricity from third-party utilities.

Mosaic continuously looks for opportunities to improve the efficiency of, and expand the electricity output of, our cogeneration assets. In 2013, Mosaic completed construction of a new interconnection station to transport cogenerated output for use at our largest phosphate mining facility at Four Corners.

EN5

Energy Saved Due to Conservation and Efficiency Improvements

Mosaic emphasizes continuous energy improvements in our manufacturing facilities and support functions. This process is part of a broader strategic business plan designed to help Mosaic meet or exceed production and profitability requirements. This plan includes strategies for lowering purchased energy consumption through more efficient processes and maximizing use of energy generated through the crop nutrient manufacturing process.

To identify and capture potential energy opportunities, we have formed teams of energy representatives at our sites. These teams investigate a number of issues, such as improvements in natural gas use (e.g., efficiencies in boilers, dryers, mine air heating and cogeneration) and improvements in electrical systems (e.g., efficiencies in cogeneration systems and slurry pumping, including extensive use of variable speed drives, air compression, and heating and lighting systems).

In addition, Mosaic regularly conducts energy audits to help identify potential efficiency projects and assess major manufacturing processes such as combustion, general electrical, electric motor systems, compressed air systems and heating. We also have utility engineers assigned to individual facilities to help identify and execute energy efficiency initiatives. Projects are monitored and audited, and the resulting metrics are used to establish key performance indicators. These efforts reduce Mosaic’s overall energy profile, operational costs and use of indirect natural resources.

Mosaic also emphasizes energy efficiency in our office facilities. In 2013, Mosaic’s Florida Corporate Headquarters received ENERGY STAR certification. Mosaic’s leased Regina, Canada, offices were built to LEED standards and included the purchase of interior design elements, furniture and products, as well as other energy efficiencies associated with LEED. Similarly, Mosaic’s Colonsay Mill Dry building was designed and constructed according to LEED standards. The LEED certification process for both buildings is underway.

Due to conservation and efficiency improvement projects that were executed in 2013, Mosaic forecasts annual energy savings of approximately 120,000 GJ. Several examples of energy efficiency efforts by our operations are outlined below.

EN6

Initiative to Provide Energy Efficient or Renewable Energy Based Products or Services, and Reductions in Energy Requirements as a Result of These Initiatives

Renewable Energy Based Products or Services

Mosaic’s three-pronged approach of energy management through cogeneration, conservation and greater efficiency aims to lead the industry in reducing the energy we use and maximizing the clean energy we generate. In Mosaic’s Sustainability Goals, published in 2012, we iterate our commitment to evaluating alternative energy sources to satisfy Mosaic’s energy requirements. Since 2008, we have improved our total energy per tonne of finished product by over 10%.

A portion of the electricity required in Mosaic’s operations is satisfied through internal generation of electricity. This process of waste heat recovery, called cogeneration, allows several of our plants and mines to significantly reduce the amount of third-party electricity required from utilities. In October 2005, the Florida state legislature formally recognized that cogenerated electricity is “renewable energy” under Florida statute 366.91. In 2013, Mosaic produced enough electricity in all business units – approximately 6.24 million GJ through cogeneration – to satisfy approximately 44% of our companywide electrical demand. Over 1 million GJ of this cogenerated electricity was sent for use at our mines.

Energy Efficient Based Products or Services

Innovation is one of Mosaic’s strategic priorities. Built on our industry-leading product, process and sustainability solutions, it shapes our long-term strategy as we seek to reduce energy use and GHG emissions while delivering unique value to our stakeholders. Mosaic has a vested interest in the success of our customers, for it is their efforts that provide the food that feeds the world. To this end, Mosaic has developed several products and services that enhance customers' productivity and positively impact their energy efficiency.

For example, in 2013, Mosaic continued full-scale production of Nexfos^®, the next generation feed-grade phosphate that is characterized as being a combined source of highly available phosphorous, calcium and sodium. Not only is Nexfos the first innovation in feed-grade phosphate in 40 years, the product is helping Mosaic meet its commitment to sustainability by reducing its environmental footprint. The Nexfos production process has significantly reduced the carbon footprint associated with the production of comparable feed phosphates by requiring approximately 60% less water, 70% less natural gas and 55% less electricity per ton to produce. It also reduces purchasing, storing and handling costs for consumers.

In addition, Mosaic maintains active partnerships with industry-leading research centers, targeting agriculture efficiency and productivity improvements. For more information on our partnerships, please see EN26.

In 2013, energy efficient or renewable energy based initiatives resulted in approximately 950,000 GJ of energy savings. Please refer to the table in EN5 for additional information on our efforts to provide energy efficient or renewable energy based products or services.

EN7

Initiatives to Reduce Indirect Energy Consumption and Reductions Achieved

Mosaic is concerned with the overall energy impact of our business, including effects outside our operational boundaries. We actively pursue opportunities with the potential to reduce our indirect energy consumption.

Energy efficiency savings are outlined in EN5 and discussed in detail in the Energy Efficiency Efforts by Operations table. Some additional examples of our efforts related to indirect energy consumption reductions include:

• In 2013, Mosaic completed the conversion to a natural gas-powered truck fleet for raw materials and finished products in our Central Florida operations. The 50 trucks, operated by transportation company Dillon Transport, have increased capacity and are powered by clean-burning compressed natural gas. Benefits of the conversion include significantly lower emissions of particulates and nitrogen oxides (up to 50% lower) and GHGs (potentially up to 25% lower).
• Video Conferencing Systems – Mosaic has invested capital into, and is currently commissioning video conferencing systems, for seven facilities within the Phosphates business unit. These systems will supplement the existing conferencing equipment located at Mosaic's worldwide facilities, including locations in Canada and South America. We believe that the technology of enterprise video conferencing systems has matured to the point that it can effectively offset a portion of domestic and international employee travel. By eliminating a portion of car and air travel with these conferencing systems, Mosaic’s indirect energy consumption from travel is expected to decline.
• Alternative Work Schedules – Several of Mosaic’s Potash business unit locations implemented temporary or full-time alternative work schedules that have the potential to reduce employee commute time and expense. For example, the Belle Plaine site has implemented schedules where a portion of the workforce works a combination of four work days for 10 hours instead of the more traditional five days for eight hours. By reducing the work week by one day, participating employees lower their commute-related fuel consumption by 20% and, therefore, contribute to a decrease in Mosaic’s overall indirect energy consumption.

Water

EN8

Total Water Withdrawn by Source

The primary sources of water for operations are surface water, groundwater and rainwater. Secondary sources of water include water supplied by local authorities and partially treated industrial and domestic wastewater, also supplied by local authorities. Surface water withdrawals include once-through cooling water used by facilities in Louisiana.

Mosaic operations capture rainfall, a portion of which is impounded and used in the various production processes, with some discharged through permitted outfalls at Phosphates facilities. Traditionally, Mosaic has considered captured rainfall use as an “alternative water supply,” and it is used in part to estimate recycle/reuse water usage rates at Florida concentrate and minerals operations.

Mosaic’s water withdrawals per tonne of dry product crop nutrient and animal feed production are as follows:

EN9

Water Sources Significantly Affected by Withdrawal of Water

Mosaic’s Central Florida fertilizer production facilities operate on more than 90% recycled water. Deep well pumping from the Floridian Aquifer is used as a supplemental water supply on an as-needed basis. Local regulations favor the use of available alternative water supplies, such as reclaimed water from municipalities, before groundwater use. Currently the city of Bowling Green delivers its reclaimed water to Mosaic’s South Fort Meade Mine as a supplemental water supply to further reduce the need for groundwater.

Once water use permits are issued, permit holders must regularly evaluate and report to the Southwest Florida Water Management District on water conservation efforts to minimize groundwater use for processing needs. To demonstrate the substantial results achieved through water conservation efforts over time, in 1991, Mosaic’s predecessors used approximately 1,000 gallons of water to process one ton of phosphate rock; currently the water demand has been reduced by 50% to about 500 gallons of water per ton of phosphate rock. Mosaic’s water use permit also reflects this decrease in demand. In fact, the Integrated Water Use Permit was renewed in 2012 with an annual average permitted quantity of 69 million gallons per day (MGD) versus the previous permit for the same area authorizing water use of 99 MGD, representing a reduction of 30%.

In the Phosphates business unit, with respect to impacts on surface water sources and their associated ecological communities, active mining areas are surrounded by a protective recharge ditch and berm system to maintain the groundwater table elevation adjacent to the mining area and preclude adverse impacts to nearby wetlands and streams. In addition, the Phosphates business unit does not withdraw water from rivers or lakes for water supply supplementation, further protecting ecological resources from undue stress.

The final Areawide Environmental Impact Statement (AEIS), a two-plus-year study released by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) in April 2013 and supplemented in July 2013, evaluating the cumulative impacts of phosphate rock mining in Central Florida, concludes that the effects from mining on groundwater resources would be “minor” in magnitude and not “significant.” A similar conclusion was reached for surface water resources in the July 2013 AEIS Addendum, which also indicates that surface water and ecological impacts would be “minor” and with mitigation would not be significant.

As another example of our commitment to responsible water use, Mosaic has joined with Duke Energy to eliminate up to 4.6 million gallons per day of groundwater withdrawal in Polk County, Florida. In May 2012, Mosaic and Duke Energy commenced construction on pipelines that link Mosaic’s Green Bay and Hookers Prairie facilities to Duke’s Hines Energy Complex, which allows Mosaic to transfer treated water and storm water to the Hines Complex. The transfer alleviates the need for the Hines Station to pump groundwater.

EN10

Percentage and Total Volume of Water Recycled and Reused

Responsible use of water is a fundamental component of Mosaic’s global sustainability vision. Our water management programs involve facility-specific and business unit-wide initiatives to reduce our water footprint. Facilities continuously monitor and evaluate water use to ensure it is minimized, and water recycling and reuse are maximized. Recycle and reuse percentage rates for Mosaic’s Potash and Phosphate operations are presented below. Rates and volume are based on total water used by facility, less freshwater withdrawals.

Biodiversity

EN11

Location and Size of Land Owned, Leased, Managed in or Adjacent to Protected Areas and Areas of High Biodiversity Value Outside Protected Areas

As of December 31, 2013, Mosaic owned or controlled about 329,595 acres of land in Florida related to our Phosphates mining operations. Approximately 100,000 acres of Mosaic’s land holdings in Florida are either in the mine permitting process or have not yet entered the permitting process. For each permit, Mosaic works with a team of professional biologists, hydrologists and other specialists, and in conjunction with as many as 12 local, regional, state and federal regulatory agencies to ensure that all mined areas can be successfully reclaimed and to identify areas of high environmental sensitivity that should be protected.

As of December 31, 2013, Mosaic owns more than 19,000 acres in Florida that are designated as non-impacted floodplain, preservation and granted conservation easements in order to ensure long-term protection of lands or waters of particular sensitivity.

We operate three Canadian Potash facilities, all located in the southern half of the province of Saskatchewan, including our solution mine at Belle Plaine, two interconnected mine shafts at our Esterhazy shaft mine and our shaft mine at Colonsay. Mosaic has mineral rights over approximately 500,000 acres in Saskatchewan for potash mining and surface rights to approximately 30,000 acres. Our U.S. Potash operations include a shaft mine in Carlsbad, New Mexico, and solution mine in Hersey, Michigan. We have mineral rights to approximately 65,000 acres in Carlsbad and 1,800 acres in Hersey for potash mining. Since shaft mining occurs at over 3,000 feet below surface and solution mining requires limited acreage for pipeline and cluster infrastructure, the only surface areas that are disturbed are the actual footprint of the mine shaft and the adjacent above-ground processing facilities.

EN12

Description of Significant Impacts of Activities, Products and Services on Biodiversity in Protected Areas and Areas of High Biodiversity Value Outside Protected Areas

Mining for phosphate ore in Florida is primarily undertaken using surface mining techniques with large earthmoving equipment such as draglines. This is primarily because the ore body is overlaid by sandy soils with a high water table that is not conducive to underground mining. Due to its unique geology, a dredging technique is used at our Wingate mine.

Discussions regarding ecological resource preservation are held between Mosaic and the regulatory agencies during the permit application process. Preservation areas can include floodplains, as well as high-quality wetland or upland habitats and buffers. Such evaluations take into consideration the type and quality of the habitat. Balancing the supply of phosphate, an important natural resource, against what is generally a temporary disturbance of ecological resources, is an essential consideration through this process.

During the phosphate mining process, parcels are directionally cleared for mining to allow highly mobile animals to move to adjacent undisturbed or preservation areas. In addition, Mosaic obtains permits to relocate specific species in compliance with federal and state laws. After permit approval, state law requires mining parcels to be recontoured and planted with vegetation within two years of the completion of mining activities; all wetlands are replaced acre for acre and type for type, with additional wetlands constructed as needed to meet mitigation requirements. Once a particular parcel is mined and reclaimed, many vertebrates and invertebrates will repopulate the site through migration from wildlife corridors and protected riverine systems. Such migration corridors generally receive permanent protection after mining, with perpetual conservation easements. To ensure biodiversity, Mosaic may also restock the areas with certain species, such as the gopher tortoise, that may have previously resided on the parcel but had been moved from the site prior to mining.

Phosphate mining in Florida, representing our largest phosphate reserve holdings, is heavily regulated by as many as 12 local, regional, state and federal permitting authorities. This robust regulatory oversight is combined with (a) areas that are set aside from mining, (b) reclamation practices that are best in class and (c) monitoring activities such as the Horse Creek Stewardship Program and Peace River Monitoring Programs, which are designed to monitor for and protect against significant impact on biodiversity either within or outside of our property boundaries.

Potash mining operations in Canada and the United States use shaft and solution mining techniques. Because of the limited footprint on surface features, impacts are highly localized to surface infrastructure. Therefore, the impacts to wildlife and habitats are similarly highly localized.

MM1

Amount of Land Disturbed and Rehabilitated

Mosaic reports our Florida mining and reclamation activities to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) Mining and Mitigation Program. As of the date of this publication’s release, 2012’s figures have not been deemed complete by the agency.

EN13

Habitats Protected or Restored

In our Phosphate mining operations, we restore or reclaim every acre of land that is impacted by our activities, with certain areas of high environmental sensitivity set aside for preservation. Mined lands are reclaimed to land uses such as wetlands, uplands, wildlife habitats, parks, neighborhoods and agricultural lands. Much of this land is also suitable for future conventional development such as housing and commercial use.

Mosaic planted 1,389,416 trees in 2013, reclaiming uplands, significant upland habitats and wetlands that require, at a minimum, acre-for-acre and type-for-type per permitting requirements.

Additionally, Mosaic works closely with one of our primary regulators, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) Mining and Mitigation Program, to integrate habitat networks and wildlife corridors into our reclamation planning efforts. The FDEP created, implements and encourages permittees to participate in the development of an Integrated Habitat Network to benefit the water quality and quantity in the area, improve wildlife habitat, and serve as a connection between the mining region’s rivers and significant environmental features outside the mining region.

Mosaic has fostered partnerships with, and funding for, a variety of NGOs and academic institutions to advance our understanding of the habitats we manage through reclamation. Examples of these groups include the Tampa Bay Watch, The Nature Conservancy and Audubon of Florida.

Mosaic’s Potash Business Unit is similarly committed to habitat restoration. For example, Mosaic made a grant to Ducks Unlimited for $2 million that will restore a minimum of 500 acres of wetlands over a 10-year period in Saskatchewan.

EN14

Strategies, Current Actions and Future Plans for Managing Impacts on Biodiversity

Mosaic is committed to minimizing our impacts on the environment through responsible mine planning, permitting, operation and reclamation practices.

The Florida Department of Environmental Protection’s Mining and Mitigation Program oversees mining operations in Florida. The mine permitting process includes performing extensive ecological, wildlife and hydrological surveys, leading to the establishment of boundaries for preservation of areas identified as having important ecological or hydrological value. In addition to the required state, federal and county permits and approvals, FDEP requires the preparation of a Conceptual Reclamation Plan (CRP). The CRP is inclusive of the entire mine site, including the preserved areas outside the operational boundaries. The CRP compares the post-mining, or reclamation plan, to existing site conditions, evaluating site topography, surface water hydrology and impacts to habitats. The CRP also outlines the project schedule. With respect to water quality, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its delegation to the FDEP, oversees protection of water quality for storm water, groundwater and surface water originating from mined areas.

Phosphates and Potash operations’ interaction with wildlife in the United States is regulated by state agencies and by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). These state and federal agencies maintain lists of species, and Mosaic develops species-specific habitat management plans to ensure species are properly protected. In addition, Mosaic works closely with regulators to fund and conduct research that promotes the goal of wildlife and habitat conservation.

Mosaic uses a combination of database searches and geographic information system (GIS) mapping in conjunction with field surveys to document the occurrence or potential for occurrence of state and federally listed floral and fauna species within operational areas. Mosaic evaluates potential impacts on plant and animal species based on those protected by applicable state and federal regulations and defines the appropriate protective measures in the habitat management plan. Wildlife surveys are performed prior to the submission of mine permit applications. Once approved, but prior to mining disturbance, additional surveys are performed to ensure the most up-to-date information is available in the event there has been wildlife immigration or changes to nesting/breeding areas. At that time, relocations or nest removal for certain species may occur with proper permits, while for other species protection zones and setbacks are established as required by law. Nest removals, regardless of the species, require all eggs to have hatched and that no flightless young be reliant on the nest.

Significant electrical infrastructure is required to support phosphate mining operations. For Mosaic, as for electrical utilities, electrical structures present a risk of avian injury or mortality. Consequently, Mosaic developed an Avian Electrocution Prevention Plan, submitted to the USFWS and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. This plan, under which Mosaic currently operates, helps to identify high-risk structures and guide retrofitting lines and facilities that pose the greatest risk of electrocution or collision to large avian species. The plan is based on nesting and feeding sites and demonstrates and furthers Mosaic’s long-standing corporate policy of wildlife protection and wildlife habitat management and restoration.

In our Potash facilities located in Saskatchewan, Canada, our approach to evaluating potential impacts to biodiversity includes biological assessments of proposed expansion sites. These assessments include field surveys to identify rare species of plants, birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians of special concern that may be impacted. Survey methods follow those recommended by the Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre. Biological assessments for the proposed Phase IV and V Brine Ponds at the Esterhazy K2 site, tailings expansion area at our Colonsay mine site, K1 Pond F expansion areas and the entire Esterhazy K3 mine site also followed this approach.

The potash mine in Carlsbad, New Mexico, has developed an Avian and Bat Protection Plan to minimize risks to migratory birds and bats that can be attracted to mining and milling areas. Mosaic has also partnered with the USFWS to study risks associated with migratory birds and bats in order to develop future strategies aimed at minimizing avian and bat mortality.

MM2

The Number and Percentage of Total Sites Identified as Requiring Biodiversity Management Plans According to Stated Criteria, and the Number (Percentage) of Those Sites With Plans in Place

All active sites within the United States and Canada operate in compliance with federal, state/provincial and local regulations related to management of habitat and wildlife. Phosphate mining operations within the United States require extensive assessment of the proposed area of operation. Mosaic performs environmental site assessments, impact studies, hydrologic modeling and prepares conceptual reclamation plans prior to receiving a permit to operate on a parcel of land.

Biodiversity in flora and fauna is an important part of reclamation. Most mitigation plans have biodiversity requirements that must be monitored by qualified ecologists and reported to appropriate regulatory agencies as part of permit conditions or regulations. In fact, compliance with these biodiversity standards is a requirement that must be met before regulatory agencies will deem a site successfully reclaimed.

EN15

Number of IUCN Red List Species and National Conservation List Species With Habitats in Areas Affected by Operations, by Level of Extinction Risk

Mosaic’s Phosphates and Potash operations’ interaction with wildlife in the United States is regulated by state agencies (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and New Mexico Game and Fish) and federally by the USFWS. These state and federal agencies have their own lists of species and management plans that vary by agency. Mosaic works closely with these regulators not only to ensure compliance with management plans, but also to fund and conduct research with the goal of conservation of wildlife and conservation of ecological habitats. Mosaic does not specifically track wildlife species per the IUCN Red List designations, but instead tracks species as designated by regulatory agencies with authority in the regions in which we operate.

For example, the area near our Florida Phosphate operations is home to species listed by federal or state authorities as endangered, threatened or of special concern. Potential impacts have been comprehensively evaluated for each potential mining area. Wildlife agencies have determined that operations would have no impact on those species, or that impacts could be mitigated by minimizing operations in sensitive habitats, creating new habitats for relocation and raising awareness of potential impacts among workers. In our Potash business unit, the rare and endangered species are evaluated as part of our biological assessments for expansion projects.

Emissions, Effluents and Waste

EN16

Total Direct and Indirect Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions by Weight

Mosaic’s reported 2013 direct and indirect CO₂e emissions data was reviewed and provided a statement of assurance by Trucost in accordance with AA1000AS standards.

In 2012, Mosaic returned to regular production levels at our Faustina ammonia plant, which resulted in increased emissions of CO₂, the primary byproduct of anhydrous ammonia production. Emissions associated with purchased electricity also increased due to downtime of a turbo generator at our Uncle Sam plant. The 2012 emissions also included some areas not previously reported, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from refrigeration units. Production levels between 2012 and 2013 remained fairly constant, resulting in a subtle year-over-year change in total emissions.

Mosaic has established targets for an overall 10% reduction of absolute GHG emissions and a 5% reduction in GHG emissions intensity per tonne of product produced for the Phosphates business unit, from 2005 levels by 2015. These targets exclude emissions associated with ammonia production and our Potash business unit. We have reduced the North American Phosphates business unit’s absolute Scope 1 and Scope 2 (direct and indirect) GHG emissions by more than 21% since 2005. Mosaic’s 2013 GHG emissions per tonne of dry product crop nutrient and animal feed production are as follows:

EN17

Other Relevant Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Weight

Mosaic has engaged upstream and downstream stakeholders in our supply chain to better quantify the impacts of our business. In 2013, Mosaic collaborated with vendors and contractors to quantify GHG emissions associated with business travel and rail transport of raw materials and finished products.

Scope 3 emissions from ammonia purchases, upstream transportation and business travel are reported below.

We continue to evaluate additional sources of Scope 3 emissions and anticipate expanding the scope of our reporting to include additional sources in the near future.

EN18

Initiatives to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Reductions Achieved

Mosaic is taking a proactive approach to reductions in emissions, with particular emphasis on improving energy efficiency and waste management. Mosaic’s Sustainability Goals, published in 2012, outline our target to reduce Mosaic’s absolute Greenhouse Gas emissions by 10% and our GHG intensity by 5% in our North American Phosphates business unit from 2005 levels by 2015. (Intensity per tonne of product and GHG targets exclude ammonia production due to pending decision on capacity expansion.) We have reduced the North American Phosphates business unit’s Scope 1 and Scope 2 (direct and indirect) GHG emissions by more than 13% since 2005.

Mosaic has implemented innovative efficiency programs in our Phosphates facilities and Potash facilities to target improving energy efficiencies. With dedicated budgets and staff allocation, the goal of these programs, collectively, is to make our businesses more efficient and effective by growing value, increasing our return, transforming business practices, reinventing our culture and promoting accountability. Focus areas to date are procurement optimization (bidding, consolidation of vendors and materials, and consumption of process chemicals); maintenance workflow or execution efficiency, which translates into reduced use of third-party contractors, overtime and Mosaic personnel; energy and operations effectiveness through the understanding of our organization’s “health” or readiness to change and execute change; implementation of a performance management process (metrics-driven top to bottom, along with a cadence of effective discussions and action over those metrics); and OEE, or asset utilization optimization (downtime and utilization improvements to increase production where needed, or decrease emergency downtime, assets needed, etc.).

Greenhouse gas emission reductions resulting from voluntary initiatives reported in EN5, EN6 and EN7 equal approximately 93,000 tonnes of CO₂e.

For more information on Mosaic’s efforts to reduce GHG emissions and address climate change, please see our 2013 Carbon Disclosure Project Response.

EN19

Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Substances by Weight

Mosaic does not produce CFCs, HCFCs, halon or methyl bromide in any of our operations. Refrigerants used in air conditioning units at our offices and production facilities represent a nominal quantity and only appropriate outside firms or certified internal technicians maintain these units. Air conditioning systems on some vehicles and equipment are maintained by Mosaic personnel. Ozone-depleting substances are phased out as required when units are replaced. In 2012, Mosaic inventoried refrigeration units in over half of its worldwide facilities for potential emissions related to global warming potential and ozone depleting potential (OZP). Mosaic has targeted the remaining facilities, including acquisitions, to be inventoried in 2014. Potential GHGs from refrigerants, expressed in CO₂e, are included in EN16.

EN20

NOx, SOx and Other Significant Air Emissions by Type and Weight

Mosaic recognizes the importance of careful air emissions management and proactive reduction of these emissions from our operations. We use published emission factors and engineering estimates, as well as analytical stack sampling results, to calculate the following criteria air and other pollutants emissions for Phosphates and Potash operations.

Mosaic’s significant air emissions per tonne of dry product crop nutrient and animal feed production are as follows:

EN21

Total Water Discharge by Quality and Destination

Discharges from Mosaic’s U.S. operations to nearby water bodies are highly regulated through federal National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits (developed by the state and approved by the EPA), which require ongoing demonstration of compliance with effluent limitations. These limitations are based on the water quality standards applicable to the receiving water body for that discharge and are set at levels that protect the designated uses of that water body, as defined by state environmental regulatory agencies. As an overarching principle, water that falls within the active, operational footprint at Mosaic’s mining and fertilizer production facilities is actively managed, treated if necessary and discharged only through outfalls, whose locations are permitted through the NPDES program. Discharges are monitored, sampled and analyzed regularly by Mosaic, and reported to these regulatory agencies to demonstrate ongoing compliance with these permit limitations. By maintaining compliance with all NPDES permits, Mosaic ensures that its discharges meet existing regulations.

In 2013, Mosaic’s Canadian Potash facilities helped preserve water quality off-site by maintaining a zero-discharge approach, with the capture of surface water runoff from the sites. In certain circumstances of high precipitation events, off-site discharges of surface water runoff are warranted and are approved in advance by the Ministry of Environment. There were no such instances in 2013.

A significant percentage of the total outfall from Phosphate operations is from rainwater, and discharge rates can vary year to year according to levels of precipitation. In Florida, our operations occur in the following river basins: Alafia River, Little Manatee River, Myakka River and Peace River, with one fertilizer manufacturing facility’s outfalls directing water to Tampa Bay. Mosaic’s Phosphates facilities in Louisiana have permitted outfalls that discharge water to the Mississippi River. The following table summarizes the total surface water discharge from our Phosphate operations in Florida and Louisiana combined.

EN22

Total Weight of Waste by Type and Disposal Method

Wastes generated as part of the mining and processing of potash and phosphate are reported under MM3.

Mosaic’s operations generate a variety of nonhazardous solid wastes, including domestic refuse, construction and demolition debris, waste lubricants and spent sandblast media. Mosaic has placed an emphasis on reducing and/or eliminating waste and our recycling program seeks to identify materials that can be diverted from landfills and recycled or reused. The following table summarizes materials recycled or reused in 2013.

Mosaic’s waste management program provides assurance that all Mosaic locations have a process in place to minimize waste generation and that waste management practices do not adversely affect the environment or health and safety of employees and the public. Mosaic is in the process of developing an updated, comprehensive waste management strategy that complies with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) legal requirements and conforms to the International Standards Organization (ISO) 14001 Standard. Below are examples of hazardous and nonhazardous wastes generated by disposal methods at Phosphates, Potash and international facilities. We anticipate expanding the scope of our reporting for this indicator to include data for all facilities in the near future.

MM3

Total Amounts of Overburden, Tailings and Sludges, and Their Associated Risks

Mosaic uses best industry practices to manage overburden, tailings and byproducts associated with our mining and production. In addition, Mosaic complies with federal, state and local regulations related to these materials.

Mining and processing of potash and phosphate generate residual materials that must be managed both during the operation of a facility and upon a facility’s closure. Potash tailings, consisting primarily of salt and clay, are stored in tailings management areas. Portions of excess salt generated from potash mining is processed and then used for commercial purposes, including road salt, water softener salt, and use in food grade products and industrial uses. Phosphate clay residuals from mining are deposited in clay settling ponds. Certain solid wastes generated by our phosphate operations may be subject to regulation under RCRA and related state laws. The EPA rules exempt “extraction” and “beneficiation” wastes, as well as 20 specified “mineral processing” wastes, from the hazardous waste management requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Accordingly, certain residual materials which our phosphate operations generate, like phosphogypsum, as well as process wastewater from phosphoric acid production, are exempt from RCRA regulation.

EN23

Significant Spills

EN24

Weight of Transported, Imported, Exported or Treated Waste Deemed Hazardous

Mosaic facilities generate hazardous waste during production and maintenance operations. In the United States, Mosaic’s Phosphates and Potash facilities are typically either categorized as Small Quantity or Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators (which generate less than 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste per month). The four concentrate facilities in the Phosphates business unit are designated as Large Quantity Generators (which generate more than 2,200 pounds of hazardous waste per month). Canadian facilities comply with all national regulations regarding these materials.

The types of hazardous waste generated at Mosaic’s U.S. facilities typically include spent cleaning solvents, paint-related wastes and some spent laboratory chemicals. At concentrate facilities, wastes generated during production and maintenance operations include waste that is characteristically hazardous for corrosivity and/or toxicity (e.g., low pH and/or metals content). Each location has an appropriate hazardous waste management system to ensure that the waste is properly and safely disposed. No hazardous wastes are shipped internationally for disposal.

EN25

Identity, Size, Protected Status and Biodiversity Value of Water Bodies, and Related Habitats Significantly Affected by the Reporting Organization’s Discharge of Water and Runoff

The discharge of water and runoff from Mosaic’s mining and fertilizer manufacturing is a highly regulated activity that has stringent reporting and compliance requirements. The release of water via storm water or discharge must comply with these requirements. The standards enforced by the regulatory authorities are designed to protect water bodies and associated habitats from degradation and secondary environmental impacts. None of the points of discharge releases water directly into a designated protected area.

The four riverine basins in which Mosaic operates in Florida include the Peace, Alafia, Little Manatee and the Myakka Rivers. These riverine systems vary in size, as indicated below.

Some key examples at our major facilities:

• Any releases are subject to water constituent limitations designed to be protective of downstream biological communities. The final AEIS released by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in April 2013 and supplemented in July 2013, which provides a comprehensive two-plus-year study on the direct, indirect and cumulative impacts of proposed and reasonably foreseeable phosphate mining projects in the Central Florida Phosphate District, concludes that the effects of mining will not have a significant water quality impact, in part, because the proposed projects are not expected to cause violations of water quality standards. While NPDES-permitted discharges associated with the proposed alternatives may add some authorized quantities of certain regulated or targeted constituents to receiving waters, the anticipated, resulting levels of these parameters would not constitute health risk nor present an unacceptable risk to stream biota.
• In Louisiana, our Faustina and Uncle Sam plants intake and outfall to the Mississippi River. This process is highly regulated by the state to ensure that gross contaminant levels are acceptable.
• For our Canadian Potash operations, we have no off-site releases of water or runoff as part of normal operations. See EN21 for additional context.

Products and Services

EN26

Initiatives to Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Products and Services

Mosaic has a dedicated agronomy team that conducts field trials to evaluate the performance of our products and develop recommendations to mitigate any potential environmental impact. In 2013, we conducted 435 small-plot trials in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Canada, India, Northern Latin America (Mexico to Peru) and the United States. These trials were conducted by highly regarded private researchers and universities that follow rigorous scientific standards. In addition, more than 65 demonstration plots were conducted in the same countries via collaborations with customers and growers. In total, nearly 500 plots of research were established in 2013.

Mosaic continues its collaboration with a highly regarded crop sciences professor and researcher at the University of Illinois to develop advanced agronomic systems aimed at sustainably increasing corn productivity by combining fertilizer best management practices with other agronomic technologies. This research evaluates nutrient requirements of modern corn hybrids and soybean varieties under different field conditions. A complete understanding of field conditions is a precondition of a balanced crop nutrition program.

Educational Tools

Mosaic will continue to support a new educational initiative to help the industry understand fertilizer best management practices as a way of reducing environmental impact.

CropNutrition.com is a resource for retailers, growers and media members seeking to better understand soil science, grow crops that are stronger, and increase productivity and yield in a sustainable manner. By simplifying highly technical and agronomic information, CropNutrition.com is an approachable and digestible digital hub of soil fertility and balanced crop nutrition information.

CropNutrition.com provides a wealth of information in various ways, including:

• Interactive and dynamic content
• The Agronomy Resource Center, featuring expertise from members of the Mosaic Agronomy Team and timely regional updates
• Timely and topical blog posts shared on the Agronomy Blog
• An interactive periodic table of crop nutrients, highlighting each nutrient’s role in plant health and photos to identify nutrient deficiencies
• Monthly Fertility Facts videos
• Quarterly AgriSight^™ fact sheets highlighting the latest research and industry trends

The CropNutrition initiative is an integrated effort to inform growers and retailers. Through various vehicles, such as print, radio and digital advertisements, as well as social media channels, Mosaic will provide a consistent flow of information around the topics and trends that contribute up to 60% of farmers’ yields.

CropNutrition will give unprecedented access to information and expertise from within the walls of a leading agriculture company and its industry-leading partners. Retailers and growers will benefit from Mosaic sharing information that will allow them to think progressively about crop fertility.

Industry Initiatives

The Nutrient Use Geographic Information System (NuGIS) is a Web-based application developed by IPNI that integrates multiple tabular and spatial datasets to create county-level estimates of nutrients applied in fertilizer and livestock manure, nutrients removed by harvested agricultural crops, and the resulting balance. Mosaic’s membership in the IPNI helps fund this North American database. We have leveraged this information by providing reports specifically for our customers to help them assess nutrient use efficiency and balance.

4R Nutrient Stewardship (4Rs) is about doing everything “right” in regard to fertilizer application and effectively reducing agriculture’s potential for negative externalities. The 4Rs is an innovative and science-based approach that when applied offers enhanced environmental protection, increased production, increased farmer profitability and improved sustainability. The concept is to use the Right fertilizer source, at the Right rate, at the Right time, in the Right place. For fertilizer use to be sustainable, it must support cropping systems that provide economic, social and environmental benefits. Because the 4Rs is critical for sustainability, Mosaic’s goal is to partner with the fertilizer industry to enhance understanding, adoption and promotion of 4R Nutrient Stewardship among stakeholders.

To help address this challenge, TFI has been working collaboratively with the IFA, the IPNI and the CFI to advance the 4R Nutrient Stewardship initiative. Two goals of the initiative include establishing 4Rs as a recognizable strategy for economic, social and environmental sustainability, and expanding the adoption of 4R Nutrient Stewardship globally.

Partnerships

Mosaic established and continues to fund the Mosaic Fertilizer Technology and Research Centre initiative at the University of Adelaide, Australia. The centre focuses on soil chemistry and fertilizer technology, and uses the latest technology to develop innovative fertilizer formulations to improve nutrient use efficiency.

Mosaic also has a long-term partnership with a globally recognized plant nutrition expert at Sabanci University in Turkey, whose research focus is balanced crop nutrition and nutrient interactions conducted through greenhouse experiments.

The Mosaic Company partners with The Nature Conservancy as it conducts a three-year conservation pilot in three watersheds in the Upper Mississippi River basin, including the Root River in southeastern Minnesota, the Boone River in northern Iowa and the Mackinaw River in central Illinois. The Conservancy works with local partners, including farmers, in those watersheds to implement and study conservation techniques that best lower nutrient and sediment concentrations by reducing runoff from agricultural landscapes. Through this project, the Conservancy seeks to determine which tools work best in a larger, sub-watershed system, and will then communicate findings to crop producers to guide their farm stewardship decisions.

EN27

Percentage of Products Sold and Their Packing Materials That Are Reclaimed by Category

Mosaic products, predominantly fertilizer and animal feed ingredients, are used in various stages of agricultural operations with multiple steps and biological processes. To the extent possible, bulk transport is used to minimize the need for extensive packaging throughout the supply chain. Agricultural operation processes are not within Mosaic’s purview to control; however, the nutrient elements of our products often are recycled into these or other agricultural systems. Examples of these systems include:

• Fertilizer is applied to the soil and then taken up by plants; the plants can be used for human or animal food. This food is processed and excreted by humans and animals as manure or biosolids, which may be recycled and used as nutrients similar to fertilizers, depending on infrastructure (e.g., publicly owned treatment works reuse water distribution systems).
• Animal feed materials are taken up by animals as food and excreted as manure. These materials may be recycled and used as nutrients similar to fertilizers, depending on infrastructure (e.g., feed lot versus free-range grazing).

To further encourage stewardship of our products, Mosaic has formed a product stewardship team from various disciplines and is pursuing opportunities to cooperate with supply chain and logistical partners to identify and implement stewardship enhancements on a global basis.

A reclaimed product example is our use of sulfur, which is a co-product of the petroleum industry and is reclaimed from the crude oil desulfurization process. Our use of this product prevents an excess of sulfur that otherwise could be disposed of in landfills.

Finally, Mosaic supports and helps promote TFI’s Bulk Blend Workshops and Manual, which eliminates the need for packaging of major raw materials or the final product. This process completely eliminates the need for bags, as the product is transferred from dealer to farmer. Because of the sizing and blending capabilities of our bulk materials, we encourage the use of the bulk blending and delivery system in farming operations.

Compliance

EN28

Monetary Value of Significant Fines and Total Number of Nonmonetary Sanctions for Noncompliance With Environmental Laws and Regulations

In Form 10-K and Form 10-Qs, Mosaic reports any environmental fine or sanction that it has identified as potentially material to investors, or if not potentially material, as potentially meeting or exceeding a significance threshold of $100,000. In 2013, Mosaic paid a penalty of $245,000 in connection with a settlement of alleged Clean Air Act violations at our Riverview, New Wales, Bartow, South Pierce and Green Bay facilities.

Transport

EN29

Significant Environmental Impacts of Transporting Products and Other Goods and Materials Used for the Organization’s Operations, and Transporting Members of the Workforce

In 2013, Mosaic moved approximately 58 million short tons of raw materials, work-in-progress and finished products. To compare fuel efficiency, the industry standard is to measure ton-miles per gallon (ton/miles/gallon).

The following chart compares the efficiency of the various modes of transportation that Mosaic uses to move our raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods.

The most fuel efficient transport is by Panamax vessels, which carry approximately 66,000 tons of cargo great distances. In North America, cross-Gulf (Gulf of Mexico) barges are quite efficient. Conversely, trucks can carry approximately 25 tons and yield approximately 155 tons/miles/gallon.

For 2013, our spending on North American transport of materials and products was divided across modes as follows.

The following table summarizes the amount of material transported and number of North American shipments.

Energy Use and Emissions – Because diesel or a heating oil derivative fuels most of the transportation, the lowest-cost option for the customer is often the option that uses the least fuel and has the lowest potential environmental impact. The vast majority of our truck shipments occur within Florida and are associated with time-sensitive intra-company shipments of sulfur, sulfuric acid and phosphate rock. In addition, the distance traveled in most cases is less than 50 miles, making trucks a generally less expensive and more reliable solution.

Environmental impacts of transporting our materials are primarily related to GHG emissions. When distance traveled is less than 50 miles, trucking is generally the most reliable and cost-effective mode of transport.

During the 2013 reporting period, Mosaic and its transportation partners used various fuel and GHG emission-saving initiatives, including:

• Mosaic created the PhosPro Initiative to improve our handling raw materials that travel by rail. Consisting of cross-functional teams at Mosaic and CSX, the PhosPro initiative focuses on increasing efficiencies and reducing costs for both companies. Mosaic anticipates benefits such as moving more finished products upstream by rail instead of truck, which will result in improved fuel efficiency and lower GHG emissions.
• As part of our commitment to sustainability, Mosaic uses RightShip, a vetting service that allows the supply chain team to select vessels that meet certain safety and environmental criteria, including energy efficiency and GHG emissions performance. By chartering the most efficient vessels available in terms of fuel consumption, we are reducing the environmental impact associated with transportation of materials.
• In 2013, Mosaic completed the conversion to a natural gas-powered truck fleet for raw materials and finished products in our Central Florida operations. The 50 trucks, operated by transportation partner Dillon Transport, have increased capacity and are powered by clean-burning CNG. Benefits of the conversion include significantly lower emissions of particulates and nitrogen oxides (up to 50% lower) and GHGs (potentially up to 25% lower). Based on forecasted shipping volumes, we estimate that this change will save at least $1 million annually.
• Mosaic, along with our trucking partners, has implemented a number of fuel-saving initiatives, such as automatic engine shutoffs and reduced intra-company truck scaling. We have also invested in faster loading processes to both reduce fuel consumption and total trucks deployed.
• Mosaic uses specialized Saddleback trailers to increase backhaul usage to reduce “dead head,” or empty loads. These unique trailers can transport molten sulfur from the Port of Tampa to our production facilities and return to the port with a load of our finished product for shipment to customers.
• An N-ViroMotive locomotive, used at our South Fort Meade mine, uses approximately 57% less fuel and emits approximately 80% fewer GHGs than single-engine diesel locomotives.

Waste – Mosaic has funded and promoted the TFI Bulk Blend Workshops and Manual. Transporting and distributing our crop nutrient products in bulk greatly reduces the amount of packaging required to deliver our products to consumers. Most of our crop nutrient products are transported from production facilities to consumers in bulk quantities. Therefore, environmental impacts associated with packaging are eliminated. In some areas where small-scale farmers purchase our products, bulk distribution is not possible.

Overall

EN30

Total Environmental Protection Expenditures and Investments by Type

Mosaic has expended, and anticipates that we will continue to expend substantial financial and managerial resources to comply with EHS standards, and continue to improve our environmental stewardship.

In the seven months ended December 31, 2013 and in fiscal 2013, we spent approximately $130 and $230 million, respectively, for environmental capital expenditures, land reclamation activities, gypstack closure and water treatment activities.